Номер 3, страница 182 - гдз по английскому языку 10 класс учебник Юхнель, Наумова

3. a) Read the information about cloning and put the pictures in ex. 1 into the right order.

Most of us have heard about cloning and have some idea about what it might be.

Cloning is basically making a genetic copy of something. It might be copying just one cell, or it could be a whole animal.

Scientists have been effectively cloning animals since the early 1960s. An Asian carp was cloned successfully in 1963.

The biggest star in the cloning world is a sheep named Dolly. In 1996 Scottish scientists cloned Dolly from an adult sheep. It was the first time a mammal was cloned. When Dolly was born the scientists gave her a thorough check and found out that she was genetically the same as the sheep that ‘donated’ the DNA. Dolly died at the age of six and had given birth to four lambs. Later, several hundred other Dollies were cloned.

The cows were cloned in 1998 and duplicated several thousand times. In Japan the cow clones were engineered to produce better meat and milk.

Labs have been experimenting on modifying pigs so that they can grow cells and organs that humans could use.

In December 2001 scientists in Texas cloned a domestic cat, known as Cc (for Carbon copy) and it was the first time a pet was cloned. The research was supported by a company that hoped to make money by cloning people’s favourite dead or sick pets.

However, as it turns out clones do not act or even look alike. Cc’s mother cat Rainbow was white and brown, while Cc had a striped grey coat over white. Rainbow was shy whereas Cc was curious and playful.

Now people are getting really interested in cloning a human.

Not everyone thinks cloning humans is a good idea. Some scientists who were responsible for creating Dolly, have said that human cloning projects are criminally irresponsible.

In 2018 Chinese scientists have cloned monkeys using the same technique that produced Dolly the sheep many years ago, thus breaking a technical barrier that could open the door to copying humans.

“No society could accept this today,” says a Chinese geneti-cist, doctor Zhang. “On the other other hand, if you are asking me, my answer is that eventually, from a technology point of view, human cloning will be possible.”

b) Read the article again and answer the questions.

1. What is cloning? 2. How do the scientists check that animal is a clone? 3. What was the first mammal clone? 4. What advantages can we get from cloning pigs, cats and cows? 5. Why was the clone-kitten named Cc? 6. How many animals have been cloned? 7. Is human cloning possible?

б) Прочитайте статью еще раз и ответьте на вопросы.

Ответ:

1. Cloning is making a genetic copy of something. It might be copying just one cell, or it could be a whole animal.

2. Scientists check that an animal is a clone by giving it a thorough check to find out if it is genetically the same as the animal that donated the DNA.

3. The first mammal clone was a sheep named Dolly.

4. From cloning pigs, we can get cells and organs that humans could use. From cloning cats, people can get copies of their favourite dead or sick pets. From cloning cows, we can get better meat and milk.

5. The clone-kitten was named Cc because it stands for Carbon copy.

6. Hundreds of sheep, thousands of cows, and other animals like an Asian carp, a cat, and monkeys have been cloned.

7. Yes, from a technology point of view, human cloning will eventually be possible.

Перевод:

1. Клонирование — это создание генетической копии чего-либо. Это может быть копирование одной клетки или целого животного.

2. Ученые проверяют, является ли животное клоном, проводя тщательную проверку, чтобы выяснить, идентично ли оно генетически животному, которое было донором ДНК.

3. Первым клонированным млекопитающим была овца по имени Долли.

4. От клонирования свиней мы можем получать клетки и органы для использования человеком. От клонирования кошек люди могут получать копии своих любимых умерших или больных питомцев. От клонирования коров мы можем получать лучшее мясо и молоко.

5. Клонированного котенка назвали Сиси (Cc), потому что это сокращение от Carbon copy (копирка).

6. Были клонированы сотни овец, тысячи коров и другие животные, такие как азиатский карп, кошка и обезьяны.

7. Да, с технологической точки зрения, клонирование человека в конечном итоге станет возможным.