Номер 2, страница 53, часть 1 - гдз по английскому языку 10 класс учебник Демченко, Юхнель

2. a. Answer the questions.

1. At what age do children begin primary education in Great Britain?

2. When do they move to secondary school?

3. At what age do they finish compulsory education?

4. When do they have exams?

b. Read the article and check your ideas.

Educational principles differ slightly in the four countries that make up the UK but the law states that education is compulsory for all the children between 5 (4 in Northern Ireland) and 16 (in England, it has been extended to 18). This full-time education does not need to be at a school and some parents choose to home educate their child. Kids under five years of age can go to a nursery school to prepare for the start of compulsory education.

In Britain, there are state schools funded by government that provide education free of charge and independent schools that charge fees to the parents of the pupils. Most state schools are day schools where students go home after classes. Many of the independent schools are boarding schools where children live in the school grounds during term-time.

93% of the children in England and Wales go to state schools. Parents are expected to make sure that their child has a pen, pencil, ruler, etc. but the cost of other more specialised equipment, books, examination fees is covered by the school. However, parents have to pay for their child’s school uniform and items of sportswear and sometimes for music lessons.

Primary schools are usually home. Boys and girls, who are located close to the child’s with the same group throughout the day, are usually taught together, stay but the day, and one teacher has responsibility for most of the work they do. Parents are asked to help their children, particularly with reading and writing, and small amounts of homework are set to all children, even during the early years at school.

At age 11 (in Scotland at 12), children move to secondary school. The change is not just in name, in reality, it often means a different building. Usually, they transfer to a nearest secondary school, though the law allows parents in England and Wales to choose other schools too. Like primary schools, most secondary schools are co-educational.

Secondary state schools can be grammar or comprehensive. Grammar schools select their pupils through the 11-plus exam taken by children at age 11. Such schools offer more academically-oriented education and are single-sex, i.e. boys-only schools and girls-only schools. Grammar schools can be found only in England and Northern Ireland.

select (v.) – selective (adj.) / non-selective (adj.)

Nearly 88% of secondary school pupils in England and Wales go to comprehensive schools that admit children of all abilities. In Scotland, all children go to non-selective schools. At age 16 they take a national exam called GCSE and can leave school if they want. Some 16-year-olds continue their education in the 6th form at school or college to prepare for A-level exams that they need to enter university. Others may choose vocational pathways and go to a college of further education to study typing, mechanics or hairdressing.

7% of the children in England go to independent schools known as private schools and public schools. A preparatory school (7 to 11 or 13 years) is a school to prepare pupils to go to a public school. Prep schools are fee-paying.

It can be very expensive to send a child to a public school and it is often necessary to put a child’s name on a waiting list at birth to be sure they get a place. Traditionally, children of wealthy or aristocratic families go to the same public school as their parents and grandparents. The entrance exams used by most public schools are known as Common Entrance exams and are taken at age 11 (girls) or 13 (boys). Many preparatory and most public schools are boarding schools. In the past, they were always same-sex schools but now many of them are becoming co-ed.

c. Find the words in bold in ex. 2b that mean the following. Give your own explanations to the words that are left out.

1. to ask an amount of money for a service;

2. attended by both boys and girls;

3. not co-educational, admitting only boys or girls;

4. to choose;

5. not costing anything;

6. allow to join or to become a member.

2. a. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. В каком возрасте дети начинают начальное образование в Великобритании?

Ответ: Children begin compulsory education at the age of 5 (4 in Northern Ireland).

Перевод: Дети начинают обязательное образование в возрасте 5 лет (4 года в Северной Ирландии).

2. Когда они переходят в среднюю школу?

Ответ: They move to secondary school at age 11 (in Scotland at 12).

Перевод: Они переходят в среднюю школу в возрасте 11 лет (в Шотландии в 12 лет).

3. В каком возрасте они заканчивают обязательное образование?

Ответ: They finish compulsory education at age 16 (in England, it has been extended to 18).

Перевод: Они заканчивают обязательное образование в возрасте 16 лет (в Англии оно продлено до 18 лет).

4. Когда у них экзамены?

Ответ: They have the 11-plus exam at age 11, a national exam called GCSE at age 16, and A-level exams to enter university. Some also take Common Entrance exams for public schools at age 11 (girls) or 13 (boys).

Перевод: У них есть экзамен 11-plus в возрасте 11 лет, национальный экзамен под названием GCSE в возрасте 16 лет и экзамены A-level для поступления в университет. Некоторые также сдают вступительные экзамены Common Entrance для поступления в частные школы в возрасте 11 (девочки) или 13 (мальчики) лет.