Номер 1, страница 220 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Юхнель, Демченко

1. Listen to the excerpt from The Alchemist. Follow in the book. Be ready to answer the questions.

1. Where does the action take place? How do you know?
2. What is the weather like in this country? Why do people always sleep during the day in summer?
3. Explain the meaning of the words: We have to be prepared for change, he thought, and he was grateful for the jacket’s weight and warmth.
4. Where is the boy going? Why is he so excited?
5. What was the boy’s purpose in life? What did his parents want him to be?
6. How did the boy’s father try to keep him from travelling?
7. What was his father’s secret desire?
8. What was the most important thing for the boy?

The Alchemist

After Paulo Coelho

And now it was only four days before he would be back in that same village. He was excited, and at the same time uneasy: maybe the girl had already forgotten him. Lots of shepherds passed through, selling their wool.
“It doesn’t matter,” he said to his sheep. “I know other girls in other places.”

But in his heart he knew that it did matter. And he knew that shepherds, like seamen and like travelling seamen, always found a town where there was someone who could make them forget the joys of carefree wandering.

The day was dawning, and the shepherd urged his sheep in the direction of the sun. They never have to make any decisions, he thought. Maybe that’s why they always stay close to me.

The only things that concerned the sheep were food and water. As long as the boy knew how to find the best pastures in Andalusia, they would be his friends. Yes, their days were all the same, with the seemingly endless hours between sunrise and dusk; and they had never read a book in their young lives, and didn’t understand what the boy told them about the sights and other cities.

... he gathered his jacket closer to his body. He knew that a few hours from now, with the sun at its zenith, the heat would be so great that he would not be able to lead his flock across the fields. It was the time of day when all of Spain slept during the summer. The heat lasted until nightfall, and all that time he had had to carry his jacket. But when he thought to complain about the burden of its weight, he remembered that, because he had the jacket, he had withstood the cold of the dawn.

We have to be prepared for change, he thought, and he was grateful for the jacket’s weight and warmth.

The jacket had a purpose, and so did the boy. His purpose in life was to travel, and, after two years of walking the Andalusian terrain, he knew all the cities of the region. He was planning, on his visit, to explain to the girl how it was that a simple shepherd knew how to read. That he had attended a seminary until he was sixteen. His parents had wanted him to become a priest, and thereby a source of pride for a simple farm family. They worked hard just to have food and water, like the sheep. He had studied Latin, Spanish, and theology. But ever since he had been a child, he had wanted to know the world, and this was much more important to him than knowing God and knowing about man’s sins. One afternoon, on a visit to his family, he summoned up the courage to tell his father he didn’t want to become a priest. That he wanted to travel.

* * *

“People from all over the world have passed through this village, son,” said his father. “They come in search of new things, but when they leave they are basically the same people they were when they arrived. They climb the mountain to see the castle, and they wind up thinking that the past was better than what we have now. They have blond hair, or dark skin, but basically they’re the same as people who live right here.”

“But I’d like to see the castles in the towns where they live,” the boy explained.

“Those people, when they see our land, say that they would like to be here forever,” his father continued.

“Well, I’d like to see their lands, and see how they live,” said the son.

“The people who come here have a lot of money to spend, so they can afford to travel,” his father said. “Amongst us, the only ones who travel are the shepherds.”

“Well, then I’ll be a shepherd!”

His father said no more. The next day, he gave his son a pouch that held three ancient Spanish gold coins.

“I found these one day in the fields. I wanted them to be a part of your inheritance. But use them to buy your flock. Take to the fields, and someday you’ll learn that our countryside is the best, and our women are the most beautiful.”

And he gave the boy his blessing. The boy could see in his father’s gaze a desire to be able, himself, to travel the world – a desire that was still alive, despite his father’s having to bury it, over dozens of years, under the burden of struggling for water to drink, food to eat, and the same place to sleep every night of his life.

* * *

... The boy thought back to that conversation with his father, and felt happy; he had already seen many castles and met many women (but none was equal of the one who awaits him several days hence). He owned a jacket, a book that he could trade for another, and a flock of sheep. But, most important, he was able every day to live out his dream.

... Whenever he could, he thought of a new road to travel... The world was huge and inexhaustible... It’s the possibility of having a dream come true that makes life interesting, he thought...

1. Где происходит действие? Как вы это узнали?

2. Какая погода в этой стране? Почему летом люди всегда спят днем?

3. Объясните значение слов: Мы должны быть готовы к переменам, подумал он, и был благодарен за вес и тепло куртки.

4. Куда идет мальчик? Почему он так взволнован?

5. В чем была цель жизни мальчика? Кем хотели видеть его родители?

6. Как отец мальчика пытался удержать его от путешествий?

7. Каково было тайное желание его отца?

8. Что было самым важным для мальчика?

Ответ:

1. The action takes place in the Andalusia region of Spain. The text states that the boy was walking the Andalusian terrain and mentions "all of Spain slept during the day in summer".

2. The weather is very hot in summer. People sleep during the day because "the heat would be so great that he would not be able to lead his flock across the fields" and "The heat lasted until nightfall".

3. This phrase means one must be prepared for changing circumstances. The jacket was a burden in the midday heat, but it provided essential warmth during the cold dawn. It shows that what is a problem at one moment can be a solution at another.

4. The boy is going to a village he has been to before. He is excited because he is going to meet a girl there that he likes, "the one who awaits him several days hence".

5. The boy's purpose in life was to travel and know the world. His parents wanted him to become a priest.

6. His father tried to persuade him with words that travelling was pointless. He said that travellers don't really change and that their own land was the best. He also pointed out that only the rich could afford to travel, with the exception of shepherds.

7. His father's secret desire was also to travel the world, a desire he had to bury under the responsibilities of his life.

8. The most important thing for the boy was being able to live out his dream every day, which was to travel. The text states, "it's the possibility of having a dream come true that makes life interesting".

Перевод:

1. Действие происходит в регионе Андалусия в Испании. В тексте говорится, что мальчик шел по андалузской местности и упоминается, что «вся Испания спала днем летом».

2. Погода летом очень жаркая. Люди спят днем, потому что «жара была бы настолько велика, что он не смог бы провести свое стадо через поля» и «Жара держалась до наступления ночи».

3. Эта фраза означает, что нужно быть готовым к изменяющимся обстоятельствам. Куртка была бременем в полуденную жару, но давала необходимое тепло во время холодного рассвета. Это показывает, что то, что является проблемой в один момент, может стать решением в другой.

4. Мальчик идет в деревню, где он уже бывал. Он взволнован, потому что собирается встретить там девушку, которая ему нравится, «ту, что ждет его через несколько дней».

5. Целью жизни мальчика было путешествовать и познавать мир. Его родители хотели, чтобы он стал священником.

6. Его отец пытался убедить его словами, что путешествия бессмысленны. Он говорил, что путешественники на самом деле не меняются и что их собственная земля — лучшая. Он также указал, что только богатые могут позволить себе путешествовать, за исключением пастухов.

7. Тайным желанием его отца было также путешествовать по миру, желание, которое ему пришлось похоронить под жизненными обязанностями.

8. Самым важным для мальчика была возможность каждый день жить своей мечтой, которая заключалась в путешествиях. В тексте говорится: «именно возможность осуществления мечты делает жизнь интересной».