Номер 2, страница 111 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Юхнель, Демченко

2. a) Read the article about the history of Anzac day. Match the words below with their highlighted synonyms in the text:

1. to mark
2. strong
3. great
4. to be a soldier
5. to get away from

6. to support
7. comradeship / friendship
8. feeling of national identity
9. importance
10. dignity

Anzac Day is one of Australia’s most important national occasions. It commemorates the landing of Australian and New Zealand troops at Gallipoli, Turkey, on 25 April 1915. It was the first major military action fought by Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) during the First World War.

In 1917, the word ANZAC meant someone who fought at Gallipoli and later it came to mean any Australian or New Zealander who fought or served in the First World War. Today Anzac Day goes beyond the anniversary of the landing on Gallipoli in 1915. It is the day on which Australians remember those who served and died in all wars, conflicts, and peacekeeping operations. The spirit of Anzac, with its human qualities of courage, mateship, and sacrifice, continues to have meaning and relevance for the sense of national identity.

Australia and New Zealand were at war from 4 August 1914 when Britain declared war on Germany. Both Australia and New Zealand, and other colonies and dominions of the British Empire were allies of Britain, France and the Russian Empire against Germany, the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary. Unlike the European armies of the period, the Australian Imperial Force was formed from volunteers. Most of the volunteers joined the army following the duty’s call. Others looked for excitement or were escaping drought conditions at home.

The ANZACs landed on the Gallipoli Peninsula at dawn on the 25th April and met fierce resistance. Thousands of Australian and New Zealand men died in the hours and days that followed the landing. The military action ended with the evacuation of the ANZACs on 20 December 1915. By then, 8,141 had been killed or died of wounds and more than 18,000 had been wounded.

The landing at Gallipoli was seen as a story of courage and endurance¹ amongst death and despair, in the face of poor leadership from London, and unsuccessful strategies. The Gallipoli campaign was the beginning of true Australian nationhood. When Australia went to war in 1914, many white Australians believed that their Commonwealth had no history, that it was not yet a true nation, that its most glorious days were still ahead of it. In this sense the Gallipoli campaign was a defining moment for Australia as a new nation.

According to Dr Frank Bongiorno, Senior Lecturer in History at the University of New England, “at Gallipoli, men from all backgrounds and classes from the newly federated Australia created the essence of what it means to be Australian – courage under fire, grace under pressure, giving a hand to a mate.”

¹endurance [ɪn'djʊərəns] – выносливость, стойкость

b) Answer the questions using the highlighted words from the text:

1. What does Anzac Day mark? What is remembered on this day?
2. What does ANZAC stand for?
3. Who served in ANZAC? What made people join the army?
4. Was the military operation on Gallipoli Peninsula successful? What happened?
5. Why does Anzac Day have such a significant importance for Australians?
6. What national qualities were demonstrated during that military action?

2. a) Прочитайте статью об истории Дня АНЗАК. Сопоставьте слова ниже с выделенными в тексте синонимами.

b) Ответьте на вопросы, используя выделенные слова из текста:

1. Что отмечает День АНЗАК? Что вспоминают в этот день?

2. Что означает аббревиатура АНЗАК?

3. Кто служил в АНЗАК? Что заставило людей вступать в армию?

4. Была ли военная операция на полуострове Галлиполи успешной? Что произошло?

5. Почему День АНЗАК имеет такое большое значение для австралийцев?

6. Какие национальные качества были продемонстрированы во время той военной операции?

Ответ:

2. a)

b)

1. Anzac Day commemorates the landing of Australian and New Zealand troops at Gallipoli on 25 April 1915. On this day, people remember those who served and died in all wars, conflicts, and peacekeeping operations.

2. ANZAC stands for Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.

3. Initially, ANZAC meant someone who fought at Gallipoli, but later it came to mean any Australian or New Zealander who served in the First World War. People joined the army following a call of duty, for excitement, or because they were escaping drought conditions at home.

4. No, the military operation was unsuccessful due to poor leadership and strategies. The action ended with the evacuation of the ANZACs. 8,141 soldiers had been killed or died of wounds and more than 18,000 had been wounded.

5. Anzac Day has significant relevance because the Gallipoli campaign was a defining moment for Australia, seen as the beginning of true Australian nationhood and the formation of a national identity.

6. The national qualities demonstrated were courage, endurance, mateship, sacrifice, and grace under pressure.

Перевод:

2. a)

b)

1. День АНЗАК ознаменовывает высадку австралийских и новозеландских войск в Галлиполи 25 апреля 1915 года. В этот день вспоминают тех, кто служил и погиб во всех войнах, конфликтах и миротворческих операциях.

2. АНЗАК расшифровывается как Австралийский и Новозеландский Армейский Корпус.

3. Изначально АНЗАК означало тех, кто сражался в Галлиполи, но позже так стали называть любого австралийца или новозеландца, кто служил в Первой мировой войне. Люди вступали в армию, следуя зову долга, в поисках приключений или потому что они спасались от засухи дома.

4. Нет, военная операция была неуспешной из-за плохого руководства и стратегий. Операция завершилась эвакуацией АНЗАК. 8 141 солдат был убит или умер от ран, и более 18 000 были ранены.

5. День АНЗАК имеет большую значимость, потому что Галлиполийская кампания стала определяющим моментом для Австралии, рассматриваемым как начало истинной австралийской государственности и формирования национальной идентичности.

6. Продемонстрированными национальными качествами были мужество, выносливость, товарищество, самопожертвование и благородство под давлением.