Номер 3, страница 120 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Юхнель, Демченко

3. a) Work in three groups. Each group reads one of texts about New Zealand and its people. Answer the questions after your text.

Group A. People of New Zealand

The name Kiwi comes from the curious little flightless bird that is unique to New Zealand and has special significance for the indigenous Maori people. During the First World War, New Zealand soldiers were called kiwis, and the nickname stuck. Eventually, the term Kiwi was used about all New Zealanders. Just like the bird, they are unique, adaptable and slightly strange.

New Zealanders share a set of values that come from Maori cultural influences, early pioneering spirit, and a love for sports and the outdoors. Maori, the first inhabitants of the islands, came there in canoes courageously overcoming the dangers of the ocean. European pioneers were brave and independent. Before building farms and towns, they had to first clear the land – a painstaking and sometimes dangerous activity. It forced these early New Zealanders to become strong and multi-skilled. Early settlers strove for a fair and honest society, where everyone would be equal under the law.

New Zealanders are friendly and down-to-earth people who have the spirit of manaakitanga, or hospitality. Kiwis have developed a passion for the outdoors and enjoy activities that make the most of their spectacular landscape. 15% of New Zealand families own their own boat. They love hiking, camping, fishing. Bush and beach walks are other popular outdoor pursuits. The more fearless go to the mountains, following in the footsteps of perhaps the most adventurous Kiwi, Sir Edmund Hillary, who conquered Mount Everest, the world’s highest mountain, in 1953. The loyalty to your friends and comrades – mateship – is another social value.

New Zealanders like to see themselves as practical, coping with anything thrown at them, with good life-skills and a co-operative can-do spirit.

Questions: Why are New Zealanders called Kiwis? What qualities do they share? What makes them unique?

Group B. Maori culture

Maori culture is an integral part of life in New Zealand, influencing everything from cuisine to customs, art and language. Maori are the indigenous people of New Zealand. They came there more than 1000 years ago from their mythical Polynesian homeland of Hawaiki. Today, one in seven New Zealanders identify themselves as Maori. Their history, language and traditions are central to New Zealand’s identity.

Is Maori an official language in New Zealand? As an official language, it’s common to hear Maori spoken, and many official place names are in Maori. You can easily learn the correct pronunciation of place names, plus some simple Maori words and phrases, such as kia ora and other greetings.

In fact, handshakes are not the traditional form of greeting for Maori people. Instead, they use a much warmer and up-close form of greeting known as the hongi. The hongi stands for two individuals pressing their noses and foreheads up against one another and sharing the breath of life together. It is meant to symbolise the unification of both souls.

Maori customs are important in daily life. Manaakitanga is all about welcoming guests and providing great hospitality, something which all Kiwis pride themselves on.

Kaitiakitanga means the sense of respect and guardianship that Maori feel to the natural world. This philosophy is central to the love and care many New Zealanders have for the environment. We ask all visitors to New Zealand to make the Tiaki Promise, which captures this respect for our precious natural resources.

Performing arts or kapa haka, which includes harmonious singing, rhythmic dancing, and Maori dances such as the haka, are a must-see for any visitor.

Questions: What role do Maori play in New Zealand’s culture? What notions are traditional for Maori culture? How do they greet each other? What Maori words do you remember?

Group C. Landscape as a movie star

Even if you haven’t seen The Lord of the Rings or The Hobbit films, you’ll know New Zealand is incredibly scenic. Travellers are attracted to New Zealand by a world of constantly changing scenery packed into a comparatively small space: primordial forest; lakes; waterfalls; fiords; active volcanoes; hot-water springs; geysers; white- and black-sand beaches; mountains and glaciers. New Zealand is a land of immense and diverse landscape. You’ll see things here that you won’t see anywhere else in the world. By the way, natural reserves make one-third of the country’s territory.

The Lord of the Rings trilogy turned New Zealand’s landscapes into movie stars. When director Peter Jackson decided to set the films in New Zealand, he knew that his native land could provide landscapes so spectacular that in many cases they would need little camera trickery to become the fantastical Middle-earth locations described by J.R.R. Tolkien. All but one scene of The Lord of the Rings films were shot in New Zealand, practically making the movies a 12-hour long advertisement for the country’s landscapes.

In the author’s classic series of fantasy adventure books, The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings trilogy, most adventures begin in Hobbiton – home to the hobbits. For the first films, set builders spent nine months recreating the village on farmland near the small town of Matamata, and returned to spend two and a half years expanding it for Peter Jackson’s new trilogy, based on The Hobbit. Now, the set is maintained by local farmers and is open to the public.

Questions: What kind of landscapes can you find in New Zealand? Why was New Zealand chosen as the set for The Lord of the Rings or The Hobbit films? What happened to the sets of the films?

b) Work in groups of three: one representative from groups A, B, C. Share with your partners the information you have learnt. Answer their questions. What facts were the most surprising? What would inspire you to visit New Zealand?

3. a) Поработайте в трех группах. Каждая группа читает один из текстов о Новой Зеландии и ее народе. Ответьте на вопросы после вашего текста.

Группа A. Народ Новой Зеландии

Почему новозеландцев называют Киви? Какие качества они разделяют? Что делает их уникальными?

Ответ:

New Zealanders are called Kiwis because during the First World War, New Zealand soldiers were called kiwis, and the nickname stuck. They share qualities such as being friendly, down-to-earth, hospitable (the spirit of manaakitanga), having a passion for the outdoors, and loyalty to friends (mateship). They also see themselves as practical, with good life-skills and a co-operative can-do spirit. They are unique because, like the kiwi bird, they are unique, adaptable and slightly strange; their uniqueness also comes from a mix of Maori cultural influences and an early pioneering spirit.

Перевод:

Новозеландцев называют Киви, потому что во время Первой мировой войны новозеландских солдат называли киви, и это прозвище прижилось. Они разделяют такие качества, как дружелюбие, практичность, гостеприимство (дух манаакитанга), страсть к отдыху на природе и верность друзьям (товарищество). Они также считают себя практичными, обладающими хорошими жизненными навыками и духом сотрудничества и готовности к действию. Они уникальны, потому что, как и птица киви, они уникальны, легко адаптируются и немного странные; их уникальность также происходит из смеси культурных влияний Маори и духа первопроходцев.

Группа Б. Культура Маори

Какую роль играют Маори в культуре Новой Зеландии? Какие понятия традиционны для культуры Маори? Как они приветствуют друг друга? Какие слова на языке Маори вы запомнили?

Ответ:

Maori play an integral role in New Zealand's culture, influencing everything from cuisine to language. Their history and traditions are central to the nation's identity. Traditional notions include manaakitanga (hospitality), kaitiakitanga (guardianship of the natural world), and kapa haka (performing arts). They greet each other with the hongi, where two people press their noses and foreheads together. Memorable Maori words from the text are kia ora, hongi, manaakitanga, kaitiakitanga, and kapa haka.

Перевод:

Маори играют неотъемлемую роль в культуре Новой Зеландии, влияя на все, от кухни до языка. Их история и традиции занимают центральное место в идентичности нации. Традиционные понятия включают манаакитанга (гостеприимство), каитиакитанга (опека над миром природы) и капа-хака (исполнительское искусство). Они приветствуют друг друга с помощью хонги, когда два человека прижимаются носами и лбами друг к другу. Запомнившиеся слова на языке Маори из текста: киа ора, хонги, манаакитанга, каитиакитанга и капа-хака.

Группа В. Пейзаж как кинозвезда

Какие пейзажи можно найти в Новой Зеландии? Почему Новая Зеландия была выбрана местом съемок фильмов «Властелин колец» или «Хоббит»? Что случилось со съемочными площадками фильмов?

Ответ:

In New Zealand, you can find a diverse range of landscapes, including primordial forests, lakes, waterfalls, fiords, active volcanoes, hot-water springs, geysers, white- and black-sand beaches, mountains, and glaciers. New Zealand was chosen as the set for the films because its landscapes were so spectacular that they needed little camera trickery to become the fantastical locations of Middle-earth. The Hobbiton movie set is now maintained by local farmers and is open to the public.

Перевод:

В Новой Зеландии можно найти разнообразные пейзажи, включая первобытные леса, озера, водопады, фьорды, действующие вулканы, горячие источники, гейзеры, пляжи с белым и черным песком, горы и ледники. Новая Зеландия была выбрана местом съемок фильмов, потому что ее пейзажи были настолько впечатляющими, что потребовалось лишь немного операторских ухищрений, чтобы они превратились в фантастические локации Средиземья. Съемочная площадка Хоббитона сейчас поддерживается местными фермерами и открыта для посещения.

3. b) Поработайте в группах по трое: по одному представителю от групп A, B, C. Поделитесь с партнерами информацией, которую вы узнали. Ответьте на их вопросы. Какие факты были самыми удивительными? Что бы вдохновило вас посетить Новую Зеландию?