Номер 2, страница 275 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Юхнель, Демченко

2. a) Read the text of the presentation made by a girl who spent a year in the United States. Compare your ideas with the girl’s observations.

American character

American society seems to be much more informal than the British and, in some ways, is characterised by less social distinction. Students do not rise when a teacher enters the room.

They use first names when calling each other, slap on the back, joke and are much freer in their speech, which is more slangy than the conventional British English.

You will often hear the word “Hi” used instead of the usual “Hello,” and “Howdy” instead of “How do you do?” Those who don’t easily show these signs of friendship are called “snooty” or “snobbish.”

Yet, in spite of all the informality, Americans, even in the way they address each other, show consciousness of social distinction. One is likely to use more formal language when talking to superiors.

While the informal “Hello” is an acceptable greeting from employee to employer, the employee is more apt to say “Hello, Mr Ferguson,” while the employer may reply “Hello, Jim.”

Women may wear hats in church, in restaurants, in public places except in the evening.

Men who do wear hats remove them in elevators, churches, restaurants, private homes, business offices — in fact, in most public situations when they wish to show respect.

At the parting “Bye” or “See you later” are most common. Such phrases: “You should come over sometime” or “I’ll call you soon” – don’t mean that you have been invited. It’s just politeness.

Direct eye contact is very important. An American may grow suspicious if a person he is talking to is looking sideways.

Americans try to avoid close physical contact in public places.

Such topics as the financial status of a person, the cost of the house or other property, religion, the relations in the family are avoided.

Americans are very particular about planning the time. They are expected to meet deadlines and finish projects. Probably that’s why Americans value direct communication. It helps to get things done quickly. “Don’t beat around the bush.” “Just spit it out. “Get to the point.”

However, Americans also tend to lessen the damage of negative comments by saying them positively – “That’s an interesting idea, but…”

Americans pride themselves on their individualism. Most Americans view individualism as the freedom – and indeed the right – to do whatever they like.

b) Read the presentation transcript again. Find the most important piece of information you haven’t included into your list or the piece of information that surprised you most. Compare with your partner.

2. a) Прочитайте текст презентации, сделанной девушкой, которая провела год в Соединенных Штатах. Сравните ваши идеи с наблюдениями девушки.

2. b) Прочитайте стенограмму презентации еще раз. Найдите самую важную информацию, которую вы не включили в свой список, или ту информацию, которая вас больше всего удивила. Сравните с вашим партнером.

Ответ:

American society is generally more informal than British society, with less emphasis on social distinction. Students use first names with teachers and their speech is often more slangy.

Despite the informality, there's an awareness of social hierarchy, especially in professional settings. An employee might say, "Hello, Mr Ferguson," while the employer replies, "Hello, Jim."

There are rules of etiquette regarding hats: women can wear them in most public places except in the evening, while men are expected to remove them indoors in situations where they wish to show respect.

Phrases like "You should come over sometime" are often expressions of politeness rather than genuine invitations.

Direct eye contact is very important, but Americans tend to avoid close physical contact in public. Certain topics like personal finances, religion, and family relations are usually avoided.

Americans value punctuality and direct communication, often using phrases like "Get to the point." However, they may soften negative comments with positive phrasing, such as "That's an interesting idea, but..."

A core value is individualism, which is seen as the freedom and the right to do whatever they like.

Перевод:

Американское общество в целом более неформальное, чем британское, с меньшим акцентом на социальные различия. Студенты обращаются к учителям по имени, и их речь часто более сленговая.

Несмотря на неформальность, существует осознание социальной иерархии, особенно в профессиональной среде. Сотрудник может сказать: «Здравствуйте, мистер Фергюсон», в то время как работодатель ответит: «Привет, Джим».

Существуют правила этикета в отношении головных уборов: женщины могут носить их в большинстве общественных мест, за исключением вечера, в то время как мужчины должны снимать их в помещении в ситуациях, когда они хотят проявить уважение.

Фразы вроде «Заходите как-нибудь в гости» часто являются выражением вежливости, а не настоящим приглашением.

Прямой зрительный контакт очень важен, но американцы, как правило, избегают близкого физического контакта в общественных местах. Определенные темы, такие как личные финансы, религия и семейные отношения, обычно избегаются.

Американцы ценят пунктуальность и прямое общение, часто используя фразы вроде «Переходите к сути». Однако они могут смягчать негативные комментарии позитивными формулировками, например: «Это интересная идея, но...».

Ключевой ценностью является индивидуализм, который рассматривается как свобода и право делать все, что им нравится.