Номер 3, страница 146 - гдз по английскому языку 8 класс учебник Лапицкая, Демченко

3a. Listen, read and match the questions (ex. 2) with parts of the text.

The first thing you notice when you come to Britain is that they drive on the left-hand side of the road. Taking the left-hand side on the road is a custom or habit that goes back centuries when people used to carry swords², most often in their right hand, to protect themselves. The custom was encouraged by the General Highways Act of the British Government (1773), which advised horse riders, coachmen¹ and people taking their vegetables to market to drive on the left. The rule was made a law by the Highway Act of 1835.

So, the second thing you notice is that the steering wheel is on the right. However, the pedals are in the same position as in left-handed cars, with the accelerator [əkˈseləreɪtə] – gas pedal – on the right.

The gears and almost always the handbrake are both operated with the left hand. Less and less cars on the roads are with a manual gearbox (с ручной коробкой передач). Most modern cars are with an automatic gearbox.

Petrol ['petrəl] – 117p – and diesel ['diːz(ə)l] – 118p on average (25 October 2015) are among the most expensive in the world.

The wearing of front seat belts was made mandatory (обязательное) for motorists in 1983.

The minimum age for driving a car in the UK is 17, and 16 for riding a moped or motorbike with a maximum engine capacity (мощность двигателя) of 50cc (cubic centimetres).

There are some 225,000 miles (362,000 km) of roads in Britain. Many of the roads are built on the old roads laid down by the Romans centuries ago.

Roads in Britain range from wide modern motorways to narrow country lanes usually bordered by hedges, stone walls, grassy banks of rivers or ditches (рвы). Cities and towns tend to have compact streets because they go back to the times well before cars appeared, and were certainly not planned for large lorries².

The National Speed limits

On motorways and dual carriageways drivers can drive cars at a speed of 70 mph (112 km/h)

Single carriageway roads: 60 mph (96 km/h)

Built up areas, e.g. towns and villages: 30 mph (48 km/h)

Residential areas: 20 mph (35 km/h)

Grammar focus: The article “a” in set expression at a speed of

See “Grammar reference” on page 258.

All speed limits and distances are given on signs in miles or miles per hour. One mile is about 1.6 km. Round signs indicate (указывают) speed limits with the number circled by a red band (полоса). When the speed limit is no longer applied, then there is a black line crossing through the number.

steering wheel ['stɪərɪŋ ˌwiːl] – the wheel in a car, bus, etc. that the driver holds and turns to direct (направлять) the car

highway ['haɪweɪ] (n, c) – a wide road between towns and cities for fast driving

gear [gɪə] (n, c) – a mechanism which helps to change the speed of driving

brake [breɪk] (n, c) – the equipment in a car, bicycle, etc. used for slowing down or stopping

seat belt ['siːt ˌbelt] (n, c) – a strong belt (ремень) in a car or plane that you fasten ['fæs(ə)n] across yourself to hold you in the seat

motorway ['məʊtəˌweɪ] (n, c) – a wide road with several lanes in each direction, built for fast travel over long distances

lane [leɪn] (n, c) – 1) A narrow road in the countryside; 2) one of the parts of a wide road or motorway, separated from the other with white lines

hedge [hedʒ] (n, c) – a line of bushes ['bʊʃɪz] or small trees growing close together around a garden, field or along a road

dual carriageway ['djuːəl 'kærɪdʒweɪ] (n, c) – a road with a dividing line between the traffic in opposite directions and with two lanes in each direction (в каждом направлении)

single carriageway ['sɪŋg(ə)l 'kærɪdʒweɪ] (n, c) – a road with only one lane in each direction

sign [saɪn] (n, c) – a flat object with words or pictures on it, put in a public place to give information

3b. Act out an interview with British teens about driving. Use the questions in ex. 2 and the text.

3a. Прослушайте, прочитайте и соотнесите вопросы (упр. 2) с частями текста.

Ответ:

In Britain, people drive on the left-hand side of the road. This is a custom that dates back centuries to when people used to carry swords in their right hand. The rule was encouraged by the General Highways Act of 1773 and made a law by the Highway Act of 1835.

The steering wheel is on the right, but the pedals are in the same position as in left-handed cars. The gears and handbrake are operated with the left hand. Wearing front seat belts has been mandatory since 1983. The minimum age for driving a car is 17, and 16 for a moped or motorbike with a maximum engine capacity of 50cc.

All speed limits and distances are given in miles or miles per hour. The national speed limits are:

Перевод:

В Британии ездят по левой стороне дороги. Это обычай, уходящий корнями в глубь веков, когда люди носили мечи в правой руке. Это правило было поддержано Актом о главных дорогах 1773 года и закреплено законом в Дорожном акте 1835 года.

Руль находится справа, но педали расположены так же, как и в автомобилях с левым рулем. Передачи и ручной тормоз управляются левой рукой. Использование передних ремней безопасности является обязательным с 1983 года. Минимальный возраст для вождения автомобиля — 17 лет, а для мопеда или мотоцикла с максимальным объемом двигателя 50 куб. см — 16 лет.

Все ограничения скорости и расстояния указаны в милях или милях в час. Национальные ограничения скорости следующие: