Номер 2, страница 78, часть 1 - гдз по английскому языку 10 класс учебник Демченко, Юхнель

2. a. Read the information about two universities. What are they? What category do they belong to?

Often called collectively Oxbridge, these universities have a long history of academic and athletic competition though there are also many links and much cooperation between them.

No one knows the exact date when the University of Oxford was founded but its teaching tradition goes back to at least the end of the 11th century. What we do know is that more people began attending it in 1167 when English students had to return from the University of Paris.

After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some professors and students left for Cambridge and so the University of Cambridge was born. For about 600 years after the event, Oxford and Cambridge had a monopoly over education and used their political power to block the foundation of new universities.

Both universities are made up of a number of independent colleges: 45 in Oxford and 31 in Cambridge. An Oxbridge college is basically a collection of buildings, often historic and attractive, which form a small community. Most colleges have between 300 and 500 students at a time, usually at both undergraduate and graduate level, studying a wide range of subjects. Each college has its name and coat of arms and is governed by a Master. Within each college complex, you will normally find student accommodation, common rooms, cafes and bars, library and computer facilities, a chapel and offices for staff members.

An Oxbridge education is seen as the gold standard of education in the UK. The academic life is full and varied and differs from other universities. Although students attend lectures given by professors and lecturers, their work is largely based on a tutorial system. On average, undergraduates have a tutorial every week and do lots of reading, essay-writing and problem-solving to prepare for it. Terms at Oxbridge are shorter compared to other UK universities. Each academic year is split not into two semesters but into three terms of about eight to nine weeks each.

Spiritual, moral, cultural and social education is also an important part of the Oxbridge experience. Both universities have hundreds of clubs and societies, enough for every interest one could imagine. The tradition of academic excellence has historically gone hand in hand with a reputation for sporting excellence at Oxbridge. With 85 sports clubs and societies in Oxford and 75 in Cambridge, they offer a wide range of competitive and recreational sports, rowing being one of the most popular. Throughout the year the universities compete against each other in over 180 matches, including the famous Boat Race, which is shown on television.

Between them, Oxford and Cambridge have educated a large number of Britain’s most prominent scientists, writers, and politicians, as well as noted figures in many other fields. Cambridge is especially proud of having more than seventy Nobel Prize winners. Among Old Oxonians [pk’səuniənz] are fifty four Nobel Prize winners and twenty eight British Prime Ministers and many heads of state and government around the world. According to popular belief, Oxford is stronger in politics and humanities while Cambridge is stronger in the sciences and engineering.

For many centuries both universities were all-male institutions. The change came at the end of the 19th century with the founding of women’s colleges and later making other colleges co-educational. Cambridge was the last British university to grant degrees to women in the late 1940s. Now they have approximately an equal number of men and women.

Because of their age traditions, historical associations and reputation the prestige of Oxford and Cambridge is very high. They are considered the most academically selective institutions in the UK. On average across all subjects, Oxford receives around seven and Cambridge five applications for each available place. About half of their undergraduates come from state schools and half from independent schools.

b. Which of the numbers are about Oxford, Cambridge, both or neither of them?

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 19, 28, 31, 45, 54, 70, 75, 85, 180, 600, 1167, 1209, 1940s.

c. Answer the questions.

1. What is Oxbridge?

2. Why were there no new universities founded in England up to the 30s of the 19th century?

3. In what way is Oxbridge different from other British universities?

4. Are there more male or female students at Oxbridge?

5. What makes Oxford and Cambridge the most prestigious [pre’stɪdʒəs] universities in Britain?

c. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Что такое Оксбридж?

2. Почему в Англии не основывались новые университеты до 30-х годов 19 века?

3. Чем образование в Оксбридже отличается от других британских университетов?

4. В Оксбридже больше студентов мужского или женского пола?

5. Что делает Оксфорд и Кембридж самыми престижными [preˈstɪdʒəs] университетами в Британии?

Ответ:

1. Oxbridge is the collective name for the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

2. Because for about 600 years, Oxford and Cambridge had a monopoly over education and used their political power to block the foundation of new universities.

3. The education at Oxbridge is largely based on a tutorial system. Students have a tutorial every week and do a lot of preparation. Also, the academic year is split into three shorter terms, unlike the two semesters in other UK universities.

4. There is approximately an equal number of male and female students at Oxbridge.

5. Their age, traditions, historical associations, and reputation make them the most prestigious universities. They are also the most academically selective institutions and have educated a large number of Britain's most prominent scientists, writers, and politicians.

Перевод:

1. Оксбридж — это собирательное название для университетов Оксфорда и Кембриджа.

2. Потому что на протяжении около 600 лет Оксфорд и Кембридж обладали монополией на образование и использовали свою политическую власть, чтобы блокировать основание новых университетов.

3. Образование в Оксбридже в значительной степени основано на тьюторской системе. Студенты еженедельно посещают тьюториалы и много готовятся. Кроме того, учебный год разделен на три более коротких триместра, в отличие от двух семестров в других университетах Великобритании.

4. В Оксбридже примерно одинаковое количество студентов мужского и женского пола.

5. Их возраст, традиции, исторические связи и репутация делают их самыми престижными университетами. Они также являются самыми избирательными в академическом плане учебными заведениями и выпустили большое количество самых выдающихся ученых, писателей и политиков Британии.