Номер 1, страница 43, часть 2 - гдз по английскому языку 10 класс учебник Демченко, Юхнель

LESSON 12. Progress check

Communicative area: testing your reading, listening and speaking skills

I. READING

1. Read the article and say in 2–3 sentences what it is about.

In 2017, the Metropolitan Art Museum in New York staged an exhibition to mark the 100^th anniversary of Irving Penn's birthday and pay homage to one of the greatest 20^th century photographers who had broken down the border between commercial and fine-art photography. According to the editor-in-chief of Vogue for which Penn worked for more than 60 years, he "changed the way people saw the world and our perception of what is beautiful".

Irving Penn

Originally, Irving Penn hoped to become a painter and in the mid-1930s studied painting and graphic design. In 1943, he started working for Vogue in New York and was responsible for making each month's cover. He wasn't satisfied with the photographers and soon began to shoot himself. His first image was a still life of a handbag, a pair of gloves, a scarf, oranges and lemons. It was the first cover which did not feature a model. All in all, Penn created 163 Vogue covers, more than any other photographer in history. Many of them are well-known and recognisable to a broad audience and appeal not only to photograph-lovers and fashion-lovers but to collectors of contemporary art as well. For Penn, less was always more in fashion photography. The use of minimalist setting which allowed him to focus on form, shape, detail, line, and light helped him to revolutionise the genre.

Penn is also famous for creating "corner portraits" of a large number of cultural giants of his era, including Truman Capote, Salvador Dali and Igor Stravinski. To reveal unfamiliar elements of their personalities to the camera, the photographer put a sitter into tight space between two grey stage-walls that met in a sharply angled "V".

Salvador Dali

In the 1950s, Penn adopted another memorable style for capturing celebrities: shooting their faces close-up so that they would fill the whole frame. One of the most famous of them is that of Pablo Picasso. The Spaniard's wide-open left eye seems almost to float between his upturned collar and his hat.

Penn's portraits are clearly thought out and planned, and at the same time they are simple. Though he did much of his fashion, beauty and still life work in colour most of his portraits are black and white.

In the 1960s, Penn began taking still-life shots of flowers. He created a whole book of floral studies – Flowers, published in 1980 – and was still shooting the same subject at the start of this millennium. He said he was drawn to flowers "considerably after they've passed the point of perfection".

In 1971, Penn learnt that his teacher (known to be a heavy smoker) had died of cancer. This made him start a new project – Cigarettes – cigarette butts photographed in close-up against a simple background. Critics see them as a symbolic representation of contemporary culture. The series was first exhibited in New York's MoMA.

Penn was a keen traveller and visited numerous countries worldwide photographing the people of Peru, Benin, Morocco, Nepal and New Guinea, just to name a few. He perfected the way of printing his images and ended up with photographs that looked almost like watercolours. The artist experimented with and mastered all manner of styles, techniques and subject matter. He designed some of his own equipment to gain greater control over light on his subjects. Penn continued his work even in his final years and died at the age of 92.

1. Прочитайте статью и скажите в 2–3 предложениях, о чем она.

Ответ: This article is about the life and work of Irving Penn, an influential 20th-century photographer. It details his diverse career, from his revolutionary work for Vogue magazine to his iconic portraits of cultural figures and his still-life projects. The text highlights how Penn broke down the border between commercial and fine-art photography and changed people's perception of beauty.

Перевод: Эта статья о жизни и творчестве Ирвинга Пенна, влиятельного фотографа XX века. В ней подробно описывается его разносторонняя карьера, от его революционной работы для журнала Vogue до его знаковых портретов деятелей культуры и его проектов в жанре натюрморта. Текст подчеркивает, как Пенн стер границу между коммерческой и художественной фотографией и изменил восприятие людьми красоты.