Номер 2, страница 132 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Юхнель, Демченко

2. a) Look through the Internet article. Which is the best title for it?

A melting pot of peoples

A country of individuals

A multicultural society

The United States of America is a rich and powerful country in the continent of North America. It is made up of 50 states and the capital city is Washington DC. It is the fourth largest country in the world, but ranks third for population size. The USA is home to over 318 million people. Each part of the country has its own traditions, customs and landscapes.

America has traditionally been described as a "melting pot", welcoming people from many different countries, races, and religions, all hoping to find freedom, new opportunities, and a better way of life. No other place in the world has such a diverse [daɪˈvɜːs] population. It is this diversity [daɪˈvɜːsɪti] that makes America what it is and, at the same time, creates the challenges it faces. Americans come from all over the world. A recent Internet search for "American Culture" turned up more than 47 categories! Some of these include: African, Asian, Arabic, Brazilian, Chinese, Danish, German, Hispanic / Latino, Indian, Iranian, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Native Americans, Norwegian, Polish, Vietnamese and others.

Strictly speaking, the only indigenous [ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs] Americans are the American Indians who had been living here long before the first waves of settlers came over from Europe. When Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492, he called these natives "Indians" because he thought he had discovered a western route to India. Today indigenous peoples make up about 2% of the total population of the USA.

For centuries, the US has attracted people in search of "the American dream" from all corners of the world. In fact, US history is one of immigration. In 1620, about 100 English colonists, so-called "Mayflower Pilgrims" left for America seeking religious freedom. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, American ports were crowded with French, German, Chinese, Irish, Italian, Dutch and Polish immigrants. The Statue of Liberty has welcomed immigrants to the US since 1886.

Today the old "melting pot" metaphor is giving way to new metaphors such as "salad bowl" and "mosaic", mixtures of various ingredients that keep their individual characteristics. Immigrant populations within the United States are not mixed together in one "pot", but rather they are transforming American Society into a truly multicultural [ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl] mosaic.

Both models of multicultural societies have contradictory aspects:

• in a melting pot there is no cultural diversity and sometimes differences are not respected;

• in a salad bowl cultures do not mix at all.

So which model is better?

The ideal situation would be a society where all citizens have equal rights and opportunities. This can also keep their own individuality. It is not easy to put this ideal into practice, but a multiracial society is now a reality and Americans must learn to live together in the best possible way.

people = люди (only plural) are

a people / peoples = народы is

the United States (the whole country) is

states (each state) are

Did you know that ...

There's no official language of the United States at the federal level. Still, the vast majority of people in the United States speak English (about 300 million), which makes it the country's de facto [dɪˈfæktəʊ] (in practice, instead of in law) official language. There are at least 350 different languages spoken in the United States. After English, the top five terms of native speakers are Spanish, Chinese, French, Tagalog and Vietnamese. Three states have other official languages in addition to English. Hawaii recognized Hawaiian Pidgin English as an official language in 2015. Since then, South Dakota made Sioux [suː] an official language, and Alaska added more than 20 indigenous languages.

b) Work in pairs. Match the words in bold in ex. 2a to their definitions. There is no definition for one word. Give it yourself.

1. consisting of people of different cultures;

2. very different from each other;

3. native;

4. the state or fact of being diverse, variety;

5. looking for (a word and a phrase);

6. someone who has come to live in a country from another country;

7. a place where people from different cultures mix together;

8. involving people of several different races.

c) Read the article again. What do the following numbers stand for?

2; 3; 4; 20; 318; 350; 1492; 1620; 1886.

2 a) Просмотрите интернет-статью. Какой заголовок для нее подходит лучше всего? Плавильный котел народов / Страна индивидуальностей / Мультикультурное общество

Ответ: A multicultural society

Перевод: Мультикультурное общество

2 b) Работайте в парах. Соотнесите слова, выделенные жирным шрифтом в упр. 2а, с их определениями. Для одного слова определения нет. Дайте его сами.

Ответ:

Word without a definition: salad bowl / mosaic

Definition: mixtures of various ingredients that keep their individual characteristics.

Перевод:

Слово без определения: салатница / мозаика

Определение: смеси различных ингредиентов, которые сохраняют свои индивидуальные характеристики.

2 c) Прочитайте статью еще раз. Что означают следующие числа? 2; 3; 4; 20; 318; 350; 1492; 1620; 1886.

Ответ:

2: percentage of indigenous peoples in the total population of the USA.

3: the USA's rank for population size in the world.

4: the USA's rank as the largest country in the world.

20: number of indigenous languages added as official in Alaska.

318: population of the USA in millions.

350: number of different languages spoken in the United States.

1492: the year Christopher Columbus discovered America.

1620: the year the “Mayflower Pilgrims” left for America.

1886: the year since which the Statue of Liberty has welcomed immigrants to the US.

Перевод:

2: процент коренных народов в общей численности населения США.

3: место США в мире по численности населения.

4: место США в мире по величине территории.

20: количество языков коренных народов, добавленных в качестве официальных на Аляске.

318: население США в миллионах.

350: количество различных языков, на которых говорят в Соединенных Штатах.

1492: год, когда Христофор Колумб открыл Америку.

1620: год, когда «отцы-пилигримы» с «Мэйфлауэра» отправились в Америку.

1886: год, с которого Статуя Свободы приветствует иммигрантов в США.