Номер 2, страница 136 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Юхнель, Демченко

2. a) Read an extract from the book American Ways: An Introduction to American Culture and check your ideas in ex. 1b. Name six American values mentioned in the text.

1. In 1776, the British colonial settlers declared their independence from England and established the United States of America. In 1787, when they wrote the Constitution for their new nation, the early settlers created a climate of freedom. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. This word is one of the most respected and popular words in the United States today. By freedom, Americans mean the right of all individuals to live without outside control from the government, the church, or any other organized authority.

2. There is, however, a cost for this benefit of individual freedom: self-reliance. Individuals must learn to rely on themselves. They must take responsibility for themselves. Traditionally, this has meant achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by the age of eighteen or twenty-one. Self-reliance means that Americans believe they should take care of themselves, solve their own problems, and “stand on their own two feet.”

3. The second reason why immigrants are attracted to the United States is the belief that everyone has a chance to succeed here. It is important to understand what most Americans mean when they say they believe in equality of opportunity. They do not mean that everyone is — or should be — equal

equality

['i:kwəl]. However, they do mean that each individual should have an equal chance for success. Americans see much of life as a race for success. For them, equality means that everyone should have an equal chance to enter the race and win.

4. However, the price to be paid for this equality ['i:kwpləti] of opportunity is competition. If much of life is seen as a race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person has the responsibility to compete with others. The pressure of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continues until retirement from work.

5. The third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life – that is, to raise their standard of living. The phrase “going from rags to riches” became a slogan for the “American dream.” Material wealth became a value to the American people. Of course, most immigrants did not “get rich overnight,” and many of them suffered terribly, but the majority of them were finally able to improve upon their former standard of living. Even if they were not able to achieve the economic success they wanted, they knew that their children would have the opportunity for a better life.

6. Americans have paid a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. The North American continent was rich in natural resources when the first settlers arrived, but all these resources were undeveloped. Only by hard work could these natural resources be turned into material goods, allowing a more comfortable standard of living. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history.

b) Copy the table below. Put the words from the box into 2 categories: verbs and adjectives.

Valuable, succeed, believable, depend, rely, responsible, wealthy, respond, reliable, free, value, believe, equal, successful, (in)dependent.

c) Read the text again and find the nouns to complete the table.

d) Work in pairs. Play the Teach your friend game with the words from the table above.

Get a set of cards from the teacher. Each card has four pairs of words, e.g. belief – believable. There are six possible variants of cards: verbs – adjectives, verbs – nouns, adjectives – nouns, adjectives – verbs, nouns – adjectives, nouns – verbs.

You are a teacher. Take a card and read the instruction to your partner, e.g. Derive adjectives from the nouns. Read the nouns in the left column and your partner derives corresponding adjectives. Help the student in case they face difficulties. Swap the roles.

2. a) Прочитайте отрывок из книги American Ways: An Introduction to American Culture и проверьте свои идеи из упр. 1b. Назовите шесть американских ценностей, упомянутых в тексте.

Ответ:

The six American values mentioned in the text are: individual freedom, self-reliance, equality of opportunity, competition, material wealth, and hard work.

Перевод:

Шесть американских ценностей, упомянутых в тексте: индивидуальная свобода, уверенность в своих силах (самостоятельность), равенство возможностей, конкуренция, материальное благосостояние и усердный труд.

b) Скопируйте таблицу ниже. Распределите слова из рамки по 2 категориям: глаголы и прилагательные.

c) Прочитайте текст еще раз и найдите существительные, чтобы дополнить таблицу.

Ответ:

Перевод:

d) Работайте в парах. Сыграйте в игру "Обучи друга" со словами из таблицы выше.

Ответ:

This is an instruction for a classroom activity. You need to get a set of cards from the teacher. You and a partner take turns drawing a card and giving instructions to each other based on what is written on the card (e.g., "Derive adjectives from the nouns."). The other person has to form the corresponding words from the table. Then you swap roles.

Перевод:

Это инструкция для классного задания. Вам нужно получить набор карточек от учителя. Вы с партнером по очереди тянете карточку и даете друг другу инструкции, основываясь на том, что написано на карточке (например, «Образуйте прилагательные от существительных»). Другой человек должен образовать соответствующие слова из таблицы. Затем вы меняетесь ролями.